Isano iri hagati yubunini bwintego yubuso hamwe na pigiseli ishobora kugerwaho irashobora gusesengurwa muburyo bwinshi. Hasi, tuzacukumbura mubice bine byingenzi: kwiyongera mubice bya pigiseli ya pigiseli, kongera ubushobozi bwo gufata urumuri, kunoza ubujyakuzimu bwumurima, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga.
1. Kwiyongera mubice bya Pixel
Iyo igipimo cyubuso bwa kamera cyiyongereye, agace kumva urumuri rwa buri pigiseli nayo yaguka ugereranije. Ihinduka rigira ingaruka nziza kumashusho. By'umwihariko, ahantu hanini cyane-yumucyo utuma buri pigiseli ifata urumuri rwinshi kandi rwuzuye amakuru arambuye. Kurugero, mugihe ufata amafoto yimiterere, igice kinini cya pigiseli irashobora guhindura ibicu mwijuru hamwe no gutandukanya cyane kandi bigatuma ibimera byibimera hasi bigaragara neza. Byongeye kandi, muburyo bumwe, niba kamera ebyiri zikoresha sensor nini nini ntoya, pigiseli ya kamera hamwe na sensor nini izaba ifite ahantu hanini cyane yumucyo, ikayifasha gufata amakuru menshi yumucyo. Aya makuru yinyongera yongerera ibisobanuro muri rusange nibisobanuro birambuye byerekana ishusho, cyane cyane murwego rwo hejuru (HDR), aho iyi nyungu igaragara cyane.
2. Kongera ubushobozi bwo gufata umucyo
Ubuso bunini bwibanze ntabwo bwongera gusa urumuri rwumucyo wa pigiseli imwe gusa ahubwo binongerera ubushobozi rusange bwo gufata urumuri rwa sisitemu ya kamera. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mubihe bito-bito. Kurugero, mumafoto nijoro cyangwa ibidukikije byo murugo bifite itara rike, kamera zifite ibyuma binini binini akenshi ziruta izifite sensor nto. Ni ukubera ko buri pigiseli ishobora kwakira fotone nyinshi, bityo kugabanya urusaku rwatewe numucyo udahagije. Urusaku rusanzwe rugaragara nkibikoresho bya granulaire mu ishusho, bitesha agaciro ubwiza bwamashusho kandi bigira ingaruka kuburambe. Mu kongera ubunini bwubuso bugenewe, kamera irashobora kugera kumurongo uhagije mugihe igumana agaciro gake ISO, igahagarika neza urusaku kandi ikagabanya kuvanga. Iyi mikorere ituma kamera nini-sensor ihitamo cyane kubafotozi babigize umwuga hamwe nabakunzi, cyane cyane mubihe bisaba urumuri rwuzuye nigicucu.
3. Gutezimbere mubwimbitse bwingaruka zumurima
Usibye kuzamura ubuziranenge bwamashusho hamwe nubushobozi bwo gufata urumuri, ubuso bunini bugaragara nabwo bugira uruhare mubwimbike buke bwingaruka zumurima. Ibi biranga bitanga amahirwe menshi yo guhanga mumafoto. Ubujyakuzimu buke bwumurima butanga imiterere karemano isanzwe, byongera itandukaniro riri hagati yisomo ninyuma, bityo igishusho kikaba gishimishije mubuhanzi. Kurugero, mugufotora amashusho, abafotora barashobora gukora ibintu bitangaje byerekana ingaruka zoguhindura uburebure bwerekanwe hamwe nubunini bwa aperture, bakoresheje ibyiza bya sensor nini. Ingaruka ntizerekana gusa ingingo nyamukuru ahubwo inarema ikirere kimeze nkinzozi. Byongeye kandi, mu mafoto ya macro, ubujyakuzimu buke bwumurima butuma abafotora bibanda kubintu byihariye, nk'imiterere y'amababa y'udukoko cyangwa ikime ku biti, mugihe woroshye inyuma kugirango wirinde ibirangaza.
4. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga
Hamwe nogukomeza gutera imbere kwikoranabuhanga rigezweho, byashobokaga gukora ibyuma bifata amashusho hamwe nintego nini nini. Ibi birashoboka binyuze mubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora no gutera imbere mubumenyi bwa siyansi. Kurugero, iterambere muri tekinoroji ya semiconductor ryashoboje kuringaniza hagati ya pigiseli ndende cyane hamwe nigice kinini cya pigiseli ahantu hagomba kugerwaho. Ibi bivuze ko no mubyemezo birenze urugero, sensor irashobora kugumana ubushobozi bwiza bwo gufata urumuri hamwe nurusaku ruke. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bishya ryarushijeho kunoza imikorere nigihe kirekire cya sensor. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ntabwo ryateje imbere iterambere rya kamera zo mu rwego rw'umwuga gusa ahubwo ryazamuye ibipimo ngenderwaho ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Muri iki gihe, yaba ari kamera yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya lens reflex kamera cyangwa telefone zigendanwa, zose zirashobora gukoresha sensor nini kugirango zitange imikorere igaragara mubihe bitandukanye byo kurasa.
Muncamake, kwaguka kwintego yubuso bugira ingaruka zinyuranye mugutezimbere imikorere ya kamera. Kuva kwiyongera mubice bya pigiseli kugeza mukuzamura ubushobozi bwo gufata urumuri, hanyuma no kunoza ubujyakuzimu bwingaruka zumurima hamwe ninkunga yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, buri kintu kigira uruhare mukugera kumashusho meza. Kubakoresha bashaka ubuziranenge bwibishusho, guhitamo igikoresho gifite sensor nini ntagushidikanya ni icyemezo cyubwenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-05-2025