Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu bakunze kwishingikiriza ku gufotora kugira ngo bagaragaze uko bagaragara. Byaba ari ukubera gusangira imbuga nkoranyambaga, kumenya abantu ku giti cyabo, cyangwa gucunga amashusho yabo bwite, ukuri kw'ayo mashusho kwagiye gusuzumwa cyane. Ariko, bitewe n'itandukaniro riri hagati y'imiterere y'amashusho n'uburyo bwo gufata amashusho hagati y'amafoto atandukanye, amafoto y'amafoto akunze kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye bwo kwangirika kw'imiterere y'isura no guhinduka kw'amashusho. Ibi bitera ikibazo gikomeye: ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amafoto bugaragaza neza imiterere nyayo y'isura y'umuntu?
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imiterere ya tekiniki y'amafoto akoreshwa cyane n'ingaruka zayo ku ishusho y'isura. Kamera zireba imbere, kamera zireba inyuma, n'amafoto y'umwuga bitandukanye cyane mu burebure bw'isura, aho umuntu abona ibintu, n'ubushobozi bwo gukosora amakosa. Urugero, terefone nyinshi zikoresha amafoto y'imbere afite inguni nini kugira ngo yongere umwanya ugaragara mu gihe cyo gufata amafoto. Nubwo ari ingirakamaro ku mikorere, iyi miterere itanga uburyo bwo kurambura imiterere y'isura—cyane cyane bigira ingaruka ku miterere yo hagati mu maso nk'izuru n'agahanga—bigatuma habaho "ingaruka za fisheye" zanditse neza, zihindura imiterere y'isura kandi zigahungabanya imiterere y'amashusho.
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, lensi isanzwe ifite uburebure bwa mm 50 (ugereranyije n'ibipima byuzuye) ifatwa cyane nk'aho ijyanye neza n'uburyo abantu babona ibintu. Inguni yayo iri hagati itanga ishusho karemano, ikagabanya kwangirika kw'ahantu no kubungabunga imiterere y'isura. Kubera iyo mpamvu, lensi za mm 50 zikoreshwa cyane mu gufotora amafoto y'umwuga, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse, nko gufotora pasiporo, imyirondoro y'amaso, n'amafoto y'amashusho y'ibigo.
Byongeye kandi, lenzi zifite telefoto ziciriritse (mm 85 no hejuru) zifatwa nk'icyitegererezo cya zahabu mu gufotora kw'umwuga. Izi lenzi zigabanya ubujyakuzimu bw'ahantu ariko zigakomeza kugira ubukana bw'impande, zigatanga ishusho nziza y'inyuma (bokeh) itandukanya umuntu n'ishusho kandi ikagabanya uburyo bwo kureba. Nubwo zidakora neza ku ifoto bwite bitewe n'aho zigaragara, zitanga ubuziranenge buhanitse iyo zikoreshejwe n'umufotozi ku ntera ikwiye.
Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko guhitamo lens gusa atari byo bigena ukuri kw'ishusho. Ibintu by'ingenzi—harimo intera yo gufata amashusho, imiterere y'urumuri, no gutunganya amashusho nyuma yo gufata amashusho—bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwo kureba ibintu mu buryo bufatika. By'umwihariko, intera ngufi yongera ubukana bw'ubwinshi bw'amashusho, cyane cyane mu mashusho yo hafi y'aho umuntu aherereye. Umucyo ugaragara imbere urushaho kunoza imiterere y'isura n'imiterere y'ibice bitatu mu gihe bigabanya igicucu gishobora kugoreka uburyo umuntu abona isura. Byongeye kandi, amashusho adatunganyijwe cyangwa adahinduwe—adafite uruhu rukaze, adahindura imiterere y'isura, cyangwa ashyira amabara mu byiciro—ashobora kugumana ishusho ifatika.
Mu gusoza, kugera ku ishusho nyayo y'amafoto bisaba ibirenze koroshya ikoranabuhanga; bisaba guhitamo uburyo bwo kuyakoresha mu buryo bwitondewe. Amashusho yafashwe hakoreshejwe lense zisanzwe (urugero, 50mm) cyangwa lense ziciriritse (urugero, 85mm), ku ntera ikwiye yo gukora no mu gihe cy'urumuri rugenzurwa, atanga ubunyangamugayo bwo kuyagaragaza kurusha ayo yafashwe hakoreshejwe selfie za telefoni zigendanwa. Ku bantu bashaka inyandiko nyayo z'amashusho, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye by'amashusho no gukurikiza amahame y'amafoto yashyizweho ni ngombwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 16-2025